Publications

Below there is a list of references to relevant publications on the private health sector in low- and middle-income countries. If you know of a book, a report or an article which is useful but is not on the list. Do not hesistate to contact us.

2012

Albertini A, Djalle D, Faye B, Gamboa D, Luchavez J, Mationg ML, et al. Preliminary enquiry into the availability, price and quality of malaria rapid diagnostic tests in the private health sector of six malaria-endemic countries. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2012;17(2):147-152.
Awor P, Wamani H, Bwire G, Jagoe G, Peterson S. Private sector drug shops in integrated community case management of malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhea in children in Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012;87(5):92-6.
Basu S, Andrews J, Kishore S, Panjabi R, Stuckler D. Comparative Performance of Private and Public Healthcare Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. PLoS Med. 2012;9(6): e1001244. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001244.
Bishop FL, Amos N, Yu H, Lewith GT. Health-care sector and complementary medicine: practitioners' experiences of delivering acupuncture in the public and private sectors.Prim Health Care Res Dev.2012;13(3):269-78.
Burger NE, Kopf D, Spreng CP, Yoong J, Sood N. Healthy Firms: Constraints to Growth among Private Health Sector Facilities in Ghana and Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(2):e27885.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027885.
Cuff K, Hurley J, Mestelman S, Muller A, Nuscheler R. Public and private health-care financing with alternate public rationing rules.Health Econ.2012;21(2):83-100.
Duc HA, Sabin LL, Cuong le Q, Thien DD, Feeley R 3rd. Potential collaboration with the private sector for the provision of ambulatory care in the Mekong region, Vietnam.Glob Health Action. 2012;5.
Jehan K, Sidney K, Smith H, de Costa A. Improving access to maternity services: an overview of cash transfer and voucher schemes in South Asia. Reprod Health Matters. 2012;20(39):142-54.
Ma CA, Grassi S. Public sector rationing and private sector selection. Journal of Public Economic Theory. 2012;14(1):1-34.
Meyer ME, Swanepoel DW, Le Roux T, Van der Linda M. Early detection of infant hearing loss in the private health care sector of South Africa. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2012;76(5):698-703.
Ogwang S, Najjemba R, Tumwesigye NM, Orach CG. Community involvement in obstetric emergency management in rural areas: a case of Rukungiri district, Western Uganda. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012;12:20.
Saksena P, Xu K, Elovainio R, Perrot J. Utilization and expenditure at public and private facilities in 39 low-income countries Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2012;17(1):23-35.
Sidney K, Diwan V, El-Khatib Z, De Costa A. India’s JSY cash transfer program for maternal health: Who participates and who doesn’t – a report from Ujjain district. Reprod Health 2012;9(2).
Sidney K, de Costa A, Diwan V, Mavalankar DV, Smith H; and the MATIND study team. An evaluation of two large scale demand side financing programs for maternal health in India: the MATIND study protocol.BMC Public Health. 2012;27;12:699.

Simmons LA, Huddleston-Casas CA, Morgan KA, Feldman D. Mixed methods study of management of health conditions in rural low-income families: implications for health care policy in the USA. Rural Remote Health. 2012;12:1879.
The World Bank. Public-Private Partnerships - Reference Guide. Version 1.0. The World Bank. 2012.

2011

Arrieta A. Health reform and cesarean sections in the private sector: The experience of Peru. Health Policy. 2011;99(2):124-130.
Arrieta A, García-Prado A, Guillén J. The private health care sector and the provision of prenatal care services in Latin America. World Development. 2011;39(4):579-587.
Berendes S, Heywood P, Oliver S, Garner P. Quality of private and public ambulatory health care in low and middle income countries: systematic review of comparative studies. PLoS Med. 2011;8(4):e1000433. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000433
Bishop FL, Barlow F, Coghlan B, Lee P, Lewith GT. Patients as healthcare consumers in the public and private sectors: a qualitative study of acupuncture in the UK. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:129.
Burnham G, Hoe C, Hung YW, Ferati A, Dyer A, Hifi TA, Aboud R, Hasoon T. Perceptions and utilization of primary health care services in Iraq: findings from a national household survey. BMC Int Health Hum Rights.2011;11:15.
Cameron A, Roubos I, Ewen M, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK, Leufkens HGM, Laing RO. Differences in the availability of medicines for chronic and acute conditions in the public and private sectors of developing countries. Bull World Health Org. 2011;89:412-421.doi:10.2471/BLT.10.084327.
Cappellaro G, Longo F. Institutional public private partnerships for core health services: evidence from Italy. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:82.
Das J. The Quality of Medical Care in Low-Income Countries: From Providers to Markets. PLoS Med. 2011;8(4):e1000432. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000432.
De Costa A, Johannson E. By ‘default or design’? The expansion of the private health care sector in Madhya Pradesh, India. Health Policy. 2011;103(2-3):283-289.
Forsberg B, Montagu D, Sundewall J. Moving towards in-depth knowledge on the private health sector in low- and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(1):i1-i3.
Fonn S, Sundary Ravindran TK. Are social franchises contributing to universal access to reproductive health services in low-income countries? Reproductive health matters. 2011;19(38):85-101.
Hancock C, Kingo L, Raynaud O. The private sector, international development and NCDs. Globalization and Health. 2011;7:23.
Hjelm K, Atwine F. Health-care seeking behaviour among persons with diabetes in Uganda: an interview study. BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2011;11:11.
Hutchinson PL, Do M, Agha S. Measuring client satisfaction and the quality of family planning services: a comparative analysis of public and private health facilities in Tanzania, Kenya and Ghana. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:203.
Lahana E, Pappa E, Niakas D. Do place of residence and ethnicity affect health services utilization? evidence from greece. Int J Equity Health.2011;10(1):16.
Levin A, Kaddar M. Role of the private sector in the provision of immunization services in low- and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(1):i4-i12.
Limwattananon S, Tangcharoensathien, Sirilak S. Trends and inequities in where women delivered their babies in 25 low-income countries: evidence from demographic and health surveys. Reproductive health matters. 2011;19(37):75-85.
Malmborg R, Mann G, Squire SB. A systematic assessment of the concept and practice of public-private mix for tuberculosis care and control. Int J Equity Health. 2011;10(1):49.
McDonald J, Jayasuriya R, Harris MF. Primary health care service delivery networks for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: using social network methods to describe interorganisational collaboration in a rural setting.Aust J Prim Health. 2011;17(3):259-67.
Nalwadda G, Mirembe F, Tumwesigye NM, Byamugisha J, Faxelid E. Constraints and prospects for contraceptive service provision to young people in Uganda: providers' perspectives. BMC Health Serv Res 2011;11:220.
Nalwadda G, Tumwesigye NM, Faxelid E, Byamugisha J, Mirembe F. Quality of care in contraceptive services provided to young people in two Ugandan districts: a simulated client study. PLoS One. 2011;6(11):e27908.
Nguyen H, Snider J, Ravishankar N, Magvanjav O. Assessing public and private sector contributions in reproductive health financing and utilization for six sub-Saharan African countries. Reproductive Health Matters. 2011;19(37):62-74.
O'Connell KA, Gatakaa H, Poyer S, Njogu J, Evance I, Munroe E, et al. Got ACTs? Availability, price, market share and provider knowledge of anti-malarial medicines in public and private sector outlets in six malaria-endemic countries. Malar J.2011;10:326.
Onwujekwe O, Onoka C, Uzochukwu B, Hanson K. Constraints to universal coverage: inequities in health service use and expenditures for different health conditions and providers. Int J Equity Health. 2011;10(1):50.
Ozawa S, Walker DG. Comparison of trust in public vs private health care providers in rural Cambodia. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(1):i20-9.
Rao P, Gabre-Kidan T, Mubangizi DB, Sulzbach S. Leveraging the Private Health Sector to Enhance HIV Service Delivery in Lower-Income Countries. JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2011;57(2):116-119.
Reid SJ, Mash R, Downing RV, Moosa S. Perspectives on key principles of generalist medical practice in public service in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative study. BMC Fam Pract. 2011;12:67.
Sabde YD, Diwan V, Saraf VS, Mahadik VK, Diwan VK, De Costa A. Mapping private pharmacies and their characteristics in Ujjain district, Central India. BMC Health Services Research. 2011;11(1):351.
Sambo LG, Kirigia JM. Africa's health: could the private sector accelerate the progress towards health MDGs? International Archives of Medicine. 2011;4(39):doi:10.1186/1755-7682-4-39.
Shah NM, Brieger WR, Peters DH. Can interventions improve health services from informal private providers in low and middle-income countries? A comprehensive review of the literature. Health Policy Plan. 2011;26(4):275-287.
Shet A, DeCosta A, Heylen E, Shastri S, Chandy S, Ekstrand M. High rates of adherence and treatment success in a public and public-private HIV clinic in India: potential benefits of standardized national care delivery systems. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11(277).
Sood N, Burger N, Yoong J, Kopf D, Spreng C. Firm-Level Perspectives on Public Sector Engagement with Private Healthcare Providers: Survey Evidence from Ghana and Kenya. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(11):e27194.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027194.
Wang W, Sulzbach S, De S. Utilization of HIV-related services from the private health sector: A multi-country analysis. Social Science and Medicine. 2011;72(2):216-223.

2010

Basaza RK, Criel B, Van der Stuyft P. Community health insurance amidst abolition of user fees in Uganda: the view from policy makers and health service managers. BMC Health Serv Res 2010;10:33.
Bhattacharyya O, Khor S, McGahan A, Dunne D, Daar AS, Singer PA. Innovative health service delivery models in low and middle income countries - what can we learn from the private sector? Health Research Policy and Systems. 2010;8(24):doi:10.1186/1478-4505-8-24.
Bourne PA, Eldemire-Shearer D, Paul TJ, Lagrenade J, Charles CA. Public and private health care utilization differences between socioeconomic strata in Jamaica. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2010;1:81-91.
Fryatt R, Mills A, Nordstrom A. Financing of health systems to achieve the health Millennium Development Goals in low-income countries. Lancet. 2010;375(9712):419-26.
Guindon GE, Lavis JN, Becerra-Posada F, Malek-Afzali H, Shi G, Yesudian CA, et al. Bridging the gaps between research, policy and practice in low- and middle-income countries: a survey of health care providers.CMAJ. 2010;182(9):E362-72.
Konde-Lule J, Gitta SN, Lindfors A, Okuonzi S, Onama VO, Forsberg BC. Private and public health care in rural areas of Uganda. BMC Int Health Hum Rights.2010;10(29).
Mbonye AK, Hansen KS, Wamono F, Magnussen P. Integration of malaria and HIV/AIDS prevention services through the private sector in Uganda. International Health. 2010;2(1):52-58.
Nishtar S. The mixed health systems syndrome. Bull World Health Org. 2010;88:74-75.
Taylor EM. Regulating private health insurance: the reality behind the rhetoric in Uganda. Global Public Health. 2010.
Victora CG, Matijasevich A, Silveira MF, Santos IS, Barros AJD, Barros FC. Socio-economic and ethnic group inequities in antenatal care quality in the public and private sector in Brazil. Health Policy Plan.2010; 25(4): 253–261.
Yoong J, Burger N, Spreng C, Sood N. Private sector participation and health system performance in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS One. 2010;5(10):e13243.

2009

De Costa A, Diwan VK, Eriksson B. Private individual ambulatory health care providers in Madhya Pradesh province, India. J Public Health. 2009;17:235–241.
Jayasinghe S. Contracts to devolve health services in fragile states and developing countries: do ethics matter? J Med Ethics. 2009;35(9):552-7.
Koehlmoos TP, Gazi R, Hossain SS, Zaman K. The effect of social franchising on access to and quality of health services in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;21(1):CD007136. Review.
Krupp K, Madhivanan P. Leveraging human capital to reduce maternal mortality in India: enhanced public health system or public-private partnership? Hum Resour Health. 2009;27;7(1):18. [Epub ahead of print]
La Forgia GM, Harding A. Public-private partnerships and public hospital performance in São Paulo, Brazil. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(4):1114-26.
Lagarde M, Palmer N. The impact of contracting out on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;7(4):CD008133. Review.
Lagomarsino G, de Ferranti D, Pablos-Mendez A, Nachuk S, Nishtar S, Wibulpolprasert S. Public stewardship of mixed health systems. Lancet. 2009;374(9701):1577-8.

Nigenda GH, González LM. Contracting private sector providers for public sector health services in Jalisco, Mexico: perspectives of system actors. Hum Resour Health. 2009;22;7:79.
Njau RJA, Mosha FW, and de Savigny D. Case studies in public-private-partnership in health with the focus of enhancing the accessibility of health interventions. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 2009;11(4):235-249.
Saw S, Manderson L, Bandyopadhyay M, Sein TT, Mon MM, Maung W. Public and/or private health care: Tuberculosis patients' perspectives in Myanmar. Health Res Policy Syst. 2009;28;7(1):19.

2008

Agha S, Do M. Does an expansion in private sector contraceptive supply increase inequality in modern contraceptive use? Health Policy Plan. 2008;23(6):465-75.
Asante AD, Zwi AB. Public-private partnerships and global health equity: prospects and challlenges .Indian J Med Ethics. 2007;4(4):176-80. Review.
Berhan Y. Medical doctors profile in Ethiopia: production, attrition and retention. In memory of 100-years Ethiopian modern medicine & the new Ethiopian millennium. Ethiop Med J. 2008;46(1):1-77.

Buckup S. Global public-private partnerships against neglected diseases: building governance structures for effective outcomes. Health Econ Policy Law. 2008;3(Pt 1):31-50.
Chakaya J, Uplekar M, Mansoer J, Kutwa A, Karanja G, Ombeka V, et al. Public-private mix for control of tuberculosis and TB-HIV in Nairobi, Kenya: outcomes, opportunities and obstacles. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12(11):1274-8.
De Costa A, Johansson E, Diwan VK. Barriers of mistrust: public and private health sectors' perceptions of each other in Madhya Pradesh, India. Qual Health Res. 2008;18(6):756-66.
De Costa A, Saraf V, Jhalani M, Mahadik VK, Diwan VK. Managing with maps? The development and institutionalization of a map-based health management information system in Madhya Pradesh, India. Scand J Public Health. 2008;36(1):99-106.
Hanson K, Gilson L, Goodman C, Mills A, Smith R, Feachem R, et al. Is private health care the answer to the health problems of the world's poor? PLoS Med. 2008;25;5(11):e233.
Koehlmoos TP, Gazi R, Hossain SS, Zaman K. The effect of social franchising on access to and quality of health services in low- and middle-income countries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;21(1).
Kruk ME, Mbaruku G, Rockers PC, Galea S. User fee exemptions are not enough: out-of-pocket payments for 'free' delivery services in rural Tanzania.Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13(12):1442-51.
Liu X, Hotchkiss DR, Bose S. The effectiveness of contracting-out primary health care services in developing countries: a review of the evidence. Health Policy Plan. 2008;23(1):1-13.
Nabyonga-Orem J, Karamagi H, Atuyambe L, Bagenda F, Okuonzi SA, Walker O. Maintaining quality of health services after abolition of user fees: a Uganda case study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;9;8:102.
Peters DH, Garg A, Bloom G, Walker DG, Brieger WR, Rahman MH. Poverty and Access to Health Care in Developing Countries. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008;1136:161-71.
Private Health Care In Developing Countries - Newsletter November 2008. [PDF]
Rolfe B, Leshabari S, Rutta F, Murray SF. The crisis in human resources for health care and the potential of a 'retired' workforce: case study of the independent midwifery sector in Tanzania. Health Policy and Planning. 2008;23:137-149.
Seiber EE, Robinson AL. Microfinance investments in quality at private clinics in Uganda: a case-control study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2007;18;7:168.
Shaikh BT, Haran D, Hatcher J. Women's social position and health-seeking behaviors: is the health care system accessible and responsive in Pakistan? Health Care Women Int. 2008;29(8):945-59.
Soeung SC, Grundy J, Morn C, Samnang C. Evaluation of immunization knowledge, practices, and service-delivery in the private sector in Cambodia. J Health Popul Nutr. 2008;26(1):95-104.

2007

Agha S, Gage A, Balal A. Changes in perceptions of quality of, and access to, services among clients of a fractional franchise network in Nepal. J Biosoc Sci. 2007;39(3):341-54.
Agha S, Karim AM, Balal A, Sosler S. The impact of a reproductive health franchise on client satisfaction in rural Nepal. Health Policy Plan. 2007;22(5):320-8.
Anyangwe SC, Mtonga C. Inequities in the global health workforce: the greatest impediment to health in sub-saharan Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2007;4(2):93-100.
Barber SL, Bertozzi SM, Gertler PJ. Variations in prenatal care quality for the rural poor in Mexico. Health Aff (Millwood). 2007;26(3):w310-23.

De Allegri M, Sauerborn R. Community based health insurance in developing countries. Bmj. 2007;334(7607):1282-3.
De Costa A, Diwan V. ´Where is the public health sector?´ Public and private sector healthcare provision in Madhya Pradesh, India. Health policy. 2007;84(2-3):269-76.
Drechsler D, Jutting J. Different countries, different needs: the role of private health insurance in developing countries. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2007;32(3):497-534.
Hanlin R, Chataway J, Smith J. Global health public-private partnerships: IAVI, partnerships and capacity building. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2007;36:69-75.
Jenkins MW, Scott B. Behavioral indicators of household decision-making and demand for sanitation and potential gains from social marketing in Ghana. Soc Sci Med. 2007.
Liu X, Hotchkiss DR and Bose S. The impact of contracting-out on health system performance: a conceptual framework. Health Policy. 2007;82(2):200-11.
Lonnroth K, Aung T, Maung W, Kluge H, Uplekar M. Social franchising of TB care through private GPs in Myanmar: an assessment of treatment results, access, equity and financial protection. Health Policy Plan. 2007;22(3):156-66.
Karki DK, Mirzoev TN, Green AT, Newell JN, Baral SC. Costs of a successful public-private partnership for TB control in an urban setting in Nepal. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:84.
Mahendradhata Y, Lambert ML, Boelaert M, van der Stuyft P. Engaging the private sector for tuberculosis control: much advocacy on a meagre evidence base. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12(3):315-6.
Mendis S, Fukino K, Cameron A, Laing R, Filipe A, Khatib O, et al. The availability and affordability of selected essential medicines for chronic diseases in six low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85(4):279-88.
Patouillard E, Goodman CA, Hanson KG, Mills AJ. Can working with the private for-profit sector improve utilization of quality health services by the poor? A systematic review of the literature . Int J Equity Health. 2007;7;6(1):17
Peake JB. The Project HOPE and USNS Mercy tsunami "experiment". Mil Med. 2006;171(10):27-9.
Ramirez de Arellano AB. Patients without borders: the emergence of medical tourism. Int J Health Serv. 2007;37(1):193-8.

2006

Ali M, Miyoshi C, Ushijima H. Emergency medical services in Islamabad, Pakistan: a public-privatepartnership. Public Health. 2006;120(1):50-57.
Datye V, Kielmann K, Sheikh K, Deshmukh D, Deshpande S, Porter J. Private practitioners' communications with patients around HIV testing in Pune, India. Health Policy and Planning. /2006;21(5):343-352.
Floyd K, Arora VK, Murthy KJR, Lonnroth K, Singla N, Akbar Y. Cost and cost-effectiveness of PPM-DOTS for tuberculosis control: evidence from India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2006;84(6):437-445.
Gerein N, Green A, Pearson S. The Implications of Shortages of Health Professionals for Maternal Healthin Sub-Saharan Africa. Reproductive Health Matters. 2006;14(27):40-50.
Khan MI, Sahito SM, Khan MJ, Wassan SM, Shaikh AW, Maheshwari AK, et al. Enhanced disease surveillance through private health care sectorcooperation in Karachi, Pakistan: experience from a vaccine trial. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2006;84(1):72-77.
Larson CP, Saha UR, Islam R, Roy N. Childhood diarrhoea management practices in Bangladesh: private sectordominance and continued inequities in care. International journal of epidemiology. 2006;35(6):1430-1439.
Liu Y, Berman P, Yip W, Liang H, Meng Q, Qu J, et al. Health care in China: the role of non-government providers. Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2006;77(2):212-220.
Malmborg R, Mann G, Thomson R, Squire SB. Can public-private collaboration promote tuberculosis case detection among the poor and vulnerable? Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2006;84(9):752-758.
McIntyre D, Thiede M Michael, Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. What are the economic consequences for households of illness and of paying for health care in low- and middle-income country contexts? Social science & medicine. 2006;62(4):858-865.
McKee M, Edwards N, Atun R. Public-private partnerships for hospitals. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2006;84(11):890-896
Midttun L, Hagen TP. The private-public mix of healthcare: evidence from a decentralised NHScountry. Health economics, policy, and law. 2006;1(3):277-298.
Palmer N. An awkward threesome—donors, governments and non‐state providers of health in low income countries. Public Administration and Development. 2006;26(3):231-240.
Sinanovic E, Kumaranayake L. Quality of tuberculosis care provided in different models of public-privatepartnerships in South Africa. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. 2006;10(7);795.
Sinanovic E, Kumaranayake L. Sharing the burden of TB/HIV? Costs and financing of public-privatepartnerships for tuberculosis treatment in South Africa. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2006;11(9):1466-1474.
Travis P, Cassels A. Safe in their hands? Engaging private providers in the quest for publichealth goals. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2006;84(6):427.
Watkins RE, Feeney KT, Bakar OA, Plant AJ. Joining the DOTS in Bali: private practitioners' perceptions of tuberculosis control. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease. 2006;10(9):988.

2005

Ambe G, Lönnroth K, Dholakia J, Copreaux J, Zignol M, Borremans N, et al. Every provider counts: effect of a comprehensive public-private mix approach for TB control in a large metropolitan area in India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2005;9(5):562-8.
Croft SL. Public-private partnership: from there to here. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005;99(1):9-14.
Kikumbih N, Hanson K, Mills A, Mponda H, Schellenberg JA. The economics of social marketing: the case of mosquito nets in Tanzania. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(2):369-81.
Lambert ML, Delgado R, Michaux G, Vols A, Speybroeck N, Van der Stuyft P. Collaboration between private pharmacies and national tuberculosis programme: an intervention in Bolivia. Trop Med Int Health. 2005;10(3):246-50.
Liu Y, Berman P, Yip W, Liang H, Meng Q, Qu J, Li Z. Health care in China: The role of non-government providers. Health Policy. 2005.
Loevinsohn B, Harding A. Buying results? Contracting for health service delivery in developing countries. Lancet. 2005;366(9486):676-81.
Lonnroth K, Uplekar M. Invest in breaking the barriers of public-private collaboration for improved tuberculosis care. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(7):558-9.
Newell JN, Pande SB, Baral SC, Bam DS, Malla P. Leadership, management and technical lessons learnt from a successful public-private partnership for TB control in Nepal. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2005;9(9):1013-7.
Nwaka S. Drug discovery and beyond: the role of public-private partnerships in improving access to new malaria medicines. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005;99(1):20-9.
Prata N, Montagu D, Jefferys E. Private sector, human resources and health franchising in Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(4):274-9.
Schneider H, Chabikuli N, Blaauw D, Funani I, Brugha R. Sexually transmitted infections -- factors associated with quality of care among private general practitioners. S Afr Med J. 2005;95(10):782-5.
Sekhri N, Savedoff W. Private health insurance: implications for developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(2):127-34.
Streefland P. Public health care under pressure in sub-Saharan Africa. Health Policy. 2005;71(3):375-82.
Widdus R. Public-private partnerships: an overview. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2005;99(1):S1-8.

2004

Arora VK, Lonnroth K, Sarin R. Improved case detection of tuberculosis through a public-private partnership. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2004;46(2):133-6.
England R. HIV/AIDS: the private sector is vital. Lancet. 2004;364(9439):1033-4.
Hanson K. Public and private roles in malaria control: the contributions of economic analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2):168-73.
Hentschel CC. Public-private partnerships: new ways to discover, develop and deliver drugs for tropical diseases. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2004;35(2):1-4.
Lönnroth K, Uplekar M, Arora VK, Juvekar S, Lan NT, Mwaniki D, Pathania V. Public-private mix for DOTS implementation: what makes it work? Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(8):580-6.
Newell JN, Pande SB, Baral SC, Bam DS, Malla P. Control of tuberculosis in an urban setting in Nepal: public-private partnership. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(2):92-8.
Nishtar S. Public - private 'partnerships' in health - a global call to action. Health Res Policy Syst. 2004;2(1):5.
Peters DH, Mirchandani GG, Hansen PM. Strategies for engaging the private sector in sexual and reproductive health: how effective are they? Health Policy Plan. 2004;19(1):i5-i21.
Peters DH, Phillips T. Mectizan Donation Program: evaluation of a public-private partnership. Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9(4):A4-15.
Stephenson R, Tsui AO, Sulzbach S, Bardsley B, Bekele G, Giday T, et al. Franchising reproductive health services. Health Serv Res. 2004;39(6 Pt 2):2053-80.

2003

Afework SD, Mariam H, Demeke B. Assessment of quality of services in private clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2003;41(3):267-78.
Arora VK, Sarin R, Lönnroth K. Feasibility and effectiveness of a public-private mix project for improved TB control in Delhi, India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7(12):1131-8.
Azam M. Public Private Partnership (PPP) for essential health services. An innovative approach for optimum and efficient use of public and private resources. World Hosp Health Serv. 2003;39(1):1.
Brugha R. Antiretroviral treatment in developing countries: the peril of neglecting private providers. Bmj. 2003;326(7403):1382-4.
Brugha R, Pritze-Aliassime S. Promoting safe motherhood through the private sector in low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(8):616-23.
Bustreo F, Harding A, Axelsson H. Can developing countries achieve adequate improvements in child health outcomes without engaging the private sector? Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(12):886-95.
Conteh L, Hanson K. Methods for studying private sector supply of public health products in developing countries: a conceptual framework and review. Soc Sci Med. 2003;57(7):1147-61.
du Toit J. PPP insights in South Africa. World Hosp Health Serv. 2003;39(1):2-10,30,32.
Field JE, Peck E. Public-private partnerships in healthcare: the managers' perspective. Health Soc Care Community. 2003;11(6):494-501.
Hanson K, Kikumbih N, Armstrong Schellenberg J, Mponda H, Nathan R, Lake S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of social marketing of insecticide-treated nets for malaria control in the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(4):269-76.
Jack W. Contracting for health services: an evaluation of recent reforms in Nicaragua. Health Policy Plan. 2003;18(2):195-204.
Louet S. Public-private partnerships boost research on neglected diseases. Nat Biotechnol. 2003;21(11):1254-5.
Mandal PP, Bhatia V. Involvement of private practitioners in RNTCP. J Indian Med Assoc. 2003;101(3):159-60.
Palmer N, Mills A. Classical versus relational approaches to understanding controls on a contract with independent GPs in South Africa. Health Econ. 2003;12(12):1005-20.
Palmer N, Mills A, Wadee H, Gilson L, Schneider H. A new face for private providers in developing countries: what implications for public health? Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(4):292-7.
Uplekar M. Involving private health care providers in delivery of TB care: global strategy. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2003;83(1-3):156-64.
Wheeler C. Public-private partnerships in drug development for underdeveloped countries: an interview with Craig Wheeler, President of Chiron's Biopharmaceutical Division. Interview by Thomasine Kushner. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2003;12(4):429-33.

2002

Crowley P. Private health care in developing countries. Strong public provision is only hope for health care in developing countries. Bmj. 2002;324(7328):47.
Ha NT, Berman P, Larsen U. Household utilization and expenditure on private and public health services in Vietnam. Health Policy Plan. 2002;17(1):61-70.
Montagu D. Franchising of health services in low-income countries. Health Policy Plan. 2002;17(2):121-30.
Mills A, Brugha R, Hanson K, McPake B. What can be done about the private health sector in low-income countries? Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80(4):325-30.
Oyediran AB, Ddumba EM, Ochola SA, Lucas AO, Koporc K, Dowdle WR. A public-private partnership for malaria control: lessons from the Malarone Donation Programme. Bull World Health Organ. 2002;80(10):817-21.
Paphassarang C, Philavong K, Boupha B, Blas E. Equity, privatization and cost recovery in urban health care: the case of Lao PDR. Health Policy Plan. 2002;17;uppl:72-84.
Saltman RB. Regulating incentives: the past and present role of the state in health care systems. Soc Sci Med. 2002;54(11):1677-84.
Walt G, Brugha R, Haines A. Working with the private sector: the need for institutional guidelines. Bmj. 2002;325(7361):432-5.

2001

Berman P. Getting more from private health care in poor countries: a missed opportunity. Int J Qual Health Care. 2001;13(4):279-80.
Nshuti L, Neuhauser D, Johnson JL, Adatu F, Whalen CC. Public and private providers' quality of care for tuberculosis patients in Kampala, Uganda. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2001;5(11):1006-12.
Ridley RG, Lob-Levyt J, Sachs J, Johns D, Evans T, Bale HE, et al. Round table. A role for public-private partnerships in controlling neglected diseases? Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(8):771-7.
Stenson B, Syhakhang L, Eriksson B, Tomson G. Real world pharmacy: assessing the quality of private pharmacy practice in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Soc Sci Med. 2001;52(3):393-404.
Wheeler C, Berkley S. Initial lessons from public-private partnerships in drug and vaccine development. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(8):728-34.
Widdus R. Public-private partnerships for health: their main targets, their diversity, and their future directions. Bull World Health Organ. 2001;79(8):713-20.
Wilkinson D, Karim SS, Lurie M, Harrison A. Public-private health sector partnerships for STD control in South Africa--perspectives from the Hlabisa experience. S Afr Med J. 2001;91(6):517-20.
Zwi AB, Brugha R, Smith E. Private health care in developing countries. Bmj. 2001;323(7311):463-4.

2000

Ahn M, Herman A, Damonti J. Public-private partnerships in health care for developing countries: a new paradigm for change. Manag Care Q. 2000;8(4):65-72.
Buse K, Walt G. Global public-private partnerships: Part I--A new development in health? Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(4):549-61.
Buse K, Walt G. Global public-private partnerships: Part II--What are the health issues for global governance? Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(5):699-709.
Kumaranayake L, Mujinja P, Hongoro C, Mpembeni R. How do countries regulate the health sector? Evidence from Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Health Policy Plan. 2000;15(4):357-67.
Palmer N. The use of private-sector contracts for primary health care: theory, evidence and lessons for low-income and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(6):821-9.
Preker AS, Harding A, Travis P. Make or buy decisions in the production of health care goods and services: new insights from institutional economics and organizational theory. Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(6):779-90.

1999

Brugha R, Chandramohan, Zwi A. Viewpoint: management of malaria--working with the private sector. Trop Med Int Health. 1999;4(5):402-6.
Marek T, Diallo I, Ndiaye B, Rakotosalama J. Successful contracting of prevention services: fighting malnutrition in Senegal and Madagascar. Health Policy Plan. 1999;14(4):382-9.

1998

Brugha R, Zwi A. Improving the quality of private sector delivery of public health services: challenges and strategies. Health Policy Plan. 1998;13(2):107-20.
Crowe S. Public-private partnerships--business as usual? Lancet. 1998;352(9123):212.
Hanson K, Berman P. Private health care provision in developing countries: a preliminary analysis of levels and composition. Health Policy Plan. 1998;13(3):195-211.
Mills A. To contract or not to contract? Issues for low- and middle-income countries. Health Policy Plan. 1998;13(1):32-40.

1997

Mills A, Hongoro C, Broomberg J. Improving the efficiency of district hospitals: is contracting an option? Trop Med Int Health. 1997;2(2):116-26.

1996

Ahmed AM, Urassa DP, Gherardi E, Game NY. Capabilities of public, voluntary and private dispensaries in basic health service provision. World Health Forum. 1996;17(3):257-60.
Berman P, Laura R. The role of private providers in maternal and child health and family planning services in developing countries. Health Policy Plan. 1996;11(2):142-55.
Bhat R. Regulating the private health care sector: the case of the Indian Consumer Protection Act. Health Policy Plan. 1996;11(3):265-79.

1995

McPake B, Hongoro C. Contracting out of clinical services in Zimbabwe. Soc Sci Med. 1995;41(1):13-24.

1994

Bennett S, Dakpallah G, Garner P, Gilson L, Nittayaramphong S, Zurita B, Zwi A. Carrot and stick: state mechanisms to influence private provider behavior. Health Policy Plan. 1994;9(1):1-13.
Broomberg J. Managing the health care market in developing countries: prospects and problems. Health Policy Plan. 1994;9(3):237-51.
Gilson L, Sen PD, Mohammed S, Mujinja P. The potential of health sector non-governmental organizations: policy options. Health Policy Plan. 1994;9(1):14-24.
McPake B, Banda EE. Contracting out of health services in developing countries. Health Policy Plan. 1994;9(1):25-30.

1993

Mills AJ, Kapalamula J, Chisimbi S. The cost of the district hospital: a case study in Malawi. Bull World Health Organ. 1993;71(3-4):329-39.

1992

Newbrander W, Parker D. The public and private sectors in health: economic issues. Int J Health Plann Manage. 1992;7(1):37-49.

1990

Rogo KO. Family planning through private practitioners: characteristics of Kenyan contraceptive acceptors. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1990;31(1):47-55.

1984

Roemer MI. The public/private mix of health sector financing: international implications. Public Health Rev. 1984;12(2):119-30.

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